International Journal of Public Opinion Research Advance Access originally published online on May 13, 2009
International Journal of Public Opinion Research 2009 21(2):204-223; doi:10.1093/ijpor/edp011
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Frame Flow between Government and the News Media and its Effects on the Public: Framing of North Korea
Address correspondence to Jeongsub Lim, Department of Communication, Austin Peay State University, 601 College Street, P.O. Box 4446, Clarksville, TN, 37044, USA, limj{at}apsu.edu
Public opinion is likely to be susceptible to the way a government and the news media frame foreign countries, because unlike domestic issues, foreign news is typically beyond a person's direct experience. How does the American public respond to foreign news when its government and the news media promote competing frames and change their prominence according to the relations between the U.S. and that foreign country? The present study shows this frame building and frame effects by using a public opinion poll and content analysis of U.S. policy statements and media coverage. North Korea was chosen because its visibility to the American public has increased since President George W. Bush designated it as one of the countries in the "axis of evil". The results show that during a four-month period, the U.S. government and the newspaper produced three competing frames, and that the magnitude of the frames shifted as U.S.–North Korean relationships shifted. These shifts in turn made the American public choose economic sanctions over military solutions toward the country.
Received for publication January 14, 2008. Accepted for publication March 2, 2009.